05 January 2022

Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (1918)

'Le Comte de Monte-Cristo', published in 1844 by Alexandre Dumas, is one of the grand classics of French literature. Dumas's novel was adapted many times for the cinema but also for the stage and television. An early film adaptation is the French serial Le Comte de Monte-Cristo/The Count of Monte Christo (Henri Pouctal, 1918), produced by Le Film d'Art and distributed by Pathé Frères. Léon Mathot stars as Edmond Dantès or The Count of Monte-Cristo, and Nelly Cormon as his love interest, Mercedes. Originally the film was issued as a serial between 1917 and 1919 in fifteen episodes, later it was also released as a film of more than three hours.

According to IMDb, it was one of the two favourite boyhood films of the future French Cinematheque curator Henri Langlois. Young Henri would imagine himself in the situation of the hero, a victim of plots who struggles to exact revenge by becoming successful. The existing print presents the whole story as one feature-length film. According to Cineanalyst at IMDb, the biggest alteration may be the dropping of the entire subplot involving Villefort's family: his father's Bonapartism, his daughter's romance with Morrel's son, and all the poisonings. Instead, more attention is given to Dantès and his various disguises. Actually, within the print available on YouTube Danglars in the end drowns himself, unable to cope with his guilt. Spanish Chocolate Amatller produced a series of 33 minicards for the French film serial, in Spain titled El Conde de Montecristo. Ivo Blom collected the complete series.

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (1)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 1. Photo: publicity still for Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (2)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 2. Photo: Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantès (middle).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (3)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 3. Photo: the three conspirators Danglars (Alexandre Colas), Villefort (Albert Mayer), and Caderousse (Gilbert Dalleu).

Edmond Dantes


In the novel 'Le Comte de Monte-Cristo'(The Count of Monte-Cristo) the Sixth Coalition War has just ended. Edmond Dantès is a sprightly young man of 19, who is already a helmsman on the three-masted Le Pharaon. Fortune smiles at him from all sides. He is a skillful sailor, well-liked by the sailors, and the shipowner Pierre Morrel is pleased with him and is considering promoting him to captain in the near future. Moreover, Dantès is to marry the beautiful and sweet Catalan Mercedes.

Edmond's happiness now leads to jealousy among his friends. The accountant of Le Pharaon, Danglars, feels humiliated by Edmond's impending promotion; he himself would have liked to become captain. Edmond's salary, with which he supports his elderly father, leads to the jealousy of Gaspard Caderousse, Edmond's father's neighbour. Edmond's relationship and proposed marriage also arouse the jealousy of Fernando Mondego, Mercedes' first cousin. Fernando himself is infatuated with Mercedes, but she has given her heart to Edmond.

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (4)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 4. Photo: Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantès, surrounded by the conspirators: Mercedes, Baron Danglars, Villefort and Caderousse.

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (5)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 5. Photo: Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantès, the man who is arrested.

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (6)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 6. Photo: Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantès (the man on the left), and Max Charlier as Napoleon gives him a classic gesture, the pinch in the ear.

The State Prisoner, Abbe Faria and The Secret of Monte Cristo


In the presence of Fernando and the drunken Caderousse, Danglars writes an anonymous letter to prosecutor Gérard de Villefort in which Dantès is accused of being a Bonapartist. Dantès is arrested on his wedding day, 1 March 1815. It turns out that he is carrying a letter that he received on Elba and that is to be delivered to a certain Noirtier in Paris. De Villefort opens the letter and reads that Napoleon is preparing his return. De Villefort foresees that the letter can provide him with a glorious career, but then Dantès has to be eliminated. He has Dantès locked up for life in the Château d'If.

In prison, Dantès meets the Italian priest Abbé Faria, who is also an innocent prisoner. Faria is a very intelligent and educated man. From the scanty data, he concludes why Dantès is imprisoned. Meanwhile, Faria teaches Edmond foreign languages, history, economics, philosophy, and mathematics. Dantès also learns the prevailing etiquette and how to regain self-confidence and develop himself. But Faria knows more: shortly before his capture, he found a 300-year-old document stating that a fabulous treasure is hidden on the island of Montecristo. That treasure was once hidden by the De Spade family; that family has now died out and their treasure, therefore, belongs to the first finder.

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (7)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 7. Photo: publicity still for Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (8)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 8. Photo: Marc Gérard as Abbé Faria and Léon Mathot (right) as Edmond Dantès in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (9)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 9. Photo: Léon Mathot (bearded man) as Edmond Dantès in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (10)

Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 10. Photo: publicity still for Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

The Crime ant the Inn, The Vendetta, The Grottoes of Monte Cristo, The Philanthropist


1829: Faria dies of catalepsy in his cell and Dantès manages to escape by climbing into the body bag himself. He goes to Montecristo and unearths the treasure. He is now fabulously wealthy. Dantès returns to his birthplace Marseille. He disguises himself as a priest and calls himself Abbé Busoni. In this disguise, he has a conversation with Caderousse. He learns that the good shipowner Morrel has arranged for a pension and later a funeral for father Dantès. Morrel is now on the verge of bankruptcy. His ship le Pharaon has sunk. Danglars, Fernando, and De Villefort have made a fortune and now live in Paris. Fernando is married to Mercedes.

A few days later Dantès goes to Morrel. He arranges for Morrel to receive a small fortune from an unknown donor, apparently in gratitude for Morrel's having looked after Dantès' father. He also has a replica of the Pharaon built, so that it looks as if the ship has never sunk. This saves Morrel. Later, on his deathbed, Morrel will say that the benefactor could only have been Edmond Dantès.

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (11)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 11. Photo: Léon Mathot (middle) as Edmond Dantès in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (12)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 12. Photo: Léon Mathot (right) as Edmond Dantès in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (13)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 13. Photo: publicity still for Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (14)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 14. Photo: Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantès in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

The Conquest of Paris


1838: After nine years of wandering, Dantès goes to Paris. After all these years, no one recognises him. He now calls himself the Count of Monte-Cristo, a mysterious nobleman with a luxurious lifestyle. He shows off his wealth by buying two palaces that can be decorated in a short time, by serving a dinner with fish that can only be found in faraway countries, and by travelling at record speed with changing rooms along the way.

The Count goes to see Danglars, who has become a successful banker. He shows letters of credit from the Roman bank Thomson & French (a bank he has bought up himself) and wishes to withdraw a substantial sum. Danglars has to give in to this in order not to damage his relationship with the Roman bank. The Count then bribes a telegraph operator to send a false stock exchange message. Danglars thus loses a considerable part of his fortune.

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (15)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 15. Photo: Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantès in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (16)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 16. Photo: Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantès or The Count of Monte-Cristo, and Nelly Cormon als Mercedes in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo 17
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 17. Photo: Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantès or The Count of Monte-Cristo, and Nelly Cormon als Mercedes in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Haydee's Story and Haydee's Revenge


During his wanderings, Dantès has bought a slave girl at the market in Albania. However, he does not treat her as a slave at all. Her name is Haydée and she is the daughter of Ali Pasha, the Pasha of Ioannina. Ali Pasha's confidant was called Fernando Mondego. 

After a war, Mondego betrayed Ali Pasha. Ali Pasha was assassinated and Haydée and her mother Vasiliki were sold into slavery, Fernando taking over Ali Pasha's fortune. The Count of Monte-Cristo collected evidence of this scandal and published it.

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (18)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 18. Photo: Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantès and Nelly Cormon as Mercedes in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (19)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 19. Photo: publicity still for Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (20)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 20. Photo: Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantèsin Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918). .

The Day of Reckoning


Albert, Fernando and Mercedes' son, is furious and challenges the Count to a duel. Mercedes comes to the Count, addresses him as Edmond (so she recognises him), and begs him to spare Albert's life. The Count tells her the true story of Dantès' capture. Albert then withdraws the challenge. Fernando commits suicide. Mercedes and Albert feel that they should not live on a fortune acquired in such a shameful manner. They give their wealth to charity. Albert decides to enlist in Africa and takes the name Herrera, his mother's name. Mercedes returns to Marseilles.

Monte-Cristo's intendant Bertuccio is familiar with one of the count's houses. It used to belong to Marquis and Marquise de Saint-Méran, De Villefort's parents-in-law from his first marriage. Bertuccio happened to notice that De Villefort buried a child born out of wedlock in the garden there. Bertuccio dug the child up again - it turned out to be alive - and adopted him. He named him Benedetto. Benedetto became a criminal and was imprisoned together with Caderousse. Monte-Cristo gives Benedetto a new identity - Andrea de Cavalcanti - and a generous income.

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (21)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 21. Photo: Nelly Cormon as the young Mercedes in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (22)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 22. Photo: Nelly Cormon as older Mercedes in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (23)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 23. Photo: Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantès and Nelly Cormon as Mercedes in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (24)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 24. Photo: Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantès in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918). The man on the right, with whom Monte-Cristo about to duel is Albert de Morcerf, Mercedes' son (Jacques Robert).

The Last Exploits of Caderousse


Andrea tells Caderousse that Monte-Cristo has money lying around. They decide to break in. Caderousse will break in while Andrea is on the lookout. He is caught by an old acquaintance: Father Busoni. Caderousse leaves empty-handed and is stabbed by his partner, who wants the loot for himself.

As Caderousse dies, Busoni reveals his true identity: Edmond Dantès. The Count meets the De Villefort family when, during a trip in their carriage, their horses stampede. Together with his servant Ali, the Count saves Gérard de Villefort's son Édouard.

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (25)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 25. Photo: Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantès with his beloved Haydée (Madeleine Lyrisse) in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (26)

Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 26. Photo: Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantès (left) in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (27)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 27. Photo: Léon Mathot as Abbé Busoni, opposite his old enemy Caderousse (Gilbert Dalleu) in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Villefort's Punishment


Death then strikes in the house of the De Villeforts. The marquis and marquise de Saint-Méran die of poisoning. Then it is the turn of the house servant Barrois, who empties a glass intended for De Villefort's father Noirtier. De Villefort's daughter Valentine is saved because Monte-Cristo replaced the poison with a soporific. De Villefort determines that his wife Heloïse is the poisoner because she wants to secure the inheritance - which later largely falls into Valentine's hands - for her own son Édouard. He gives her the choice between suicide and the guillotine.

He then leaves for the court, where Andrea's murder of Caderousse is to be tried. During the trial, Andrea makes himself known: he is an illegitimate child of De Villefort's, and he proves it. De Villefort goes home, repentant. His wife Heloïse turns out to be dead and, apart from herself, she has also poisoned little Édouard. De Villefort then recognises the Count of Monte-Cristo as the man he had innocently put away more than twenty years ago.

De Villefort confronts Dantès with the corpses of his wife and son and subsequently goes insane. The cases have now had disproportionate consequences, more than Dantès had anticipated. He begins to doubt whether he has gone too far with his revenge now that a child has died. During this period of indecision, he regains his balance and forgives himself and his enemies.

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (28)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 28. Photo: Nelly Cormon as Mercedes (right) in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918). The man on the left is Albert, Mercedes'son, played by Jacques Robert.

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (29)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 29. Photo: Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantès (left) and Nelly Cormon as Mercedes in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (30)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 30. Photo: Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantès and Nelly Cormon as Mercedes in Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918).

The Triumph of Dantes


Danglars travels to Rome to collect the debt of Thomson & French. Then he is kidnapped by the notorious highwayman Luigi Vampa - who is in league with Monte-Cristo. To get something to eat, he has to pay an absurdly high price. Thus, Danglars now experiences, as Dantès once did, what it is like to be locked up alone and hungry. In the end, Danglars chooses for his life and decides to pay in exchange for a meal.

Monte-Cristo now also tells him who he is. Danglars is then allowed to go free. For Dantès, this completes his mission; on the one hand, he has taken revenge on those who had caused him so much harm in the past, but he has also made a few people happy. Dantès gives the island and its dwellings to Valentine de Villefort, who is now married to Maximilien Morrel, the shipowner's son. He leaves with Haydée to build a new future with her elsewhere.

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (31)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 31. Photo: publicity still for Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918). Léon Mathot as Edmond Dantès and Madeleine Lyrisse as Haydée.

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (32)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 32 Photo: publicity still for Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918). The man on the right is Gaston Modot as Bertuccio. The man who is tied up here is Danglars (Alexandre Colas), who is taught a lesson about hunger, fraud, and imprisonment.

Le comte de Monte-Cristo (33)
Spanish minicard by Chocolate Amatller, Marca Luna, Series 2, no. 33 Photo: publicity still for Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (Henri Pouctal, 1918) with Gaston Modot as Bertuccio and Alexandre Colas as Danglars.

Watch the complete film on YouTube.

Sources: Wikipedia (French) and IMDb.

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