Italian postcard by ASER (A. Scarmiglia Ed., Roma), no. 217. Photo: Gneme / Incine, Tirrenia.
María Mercader (1918-2011) was a Spanish actress who acted in Spanish and Italian films, largely between 1939 and 1952. She was the second wife of Vittorio De Sica and the mother of Christian and Manuel De Sica.
Italian postcard by Stab. Angeli, Terni. Esclusiva di Ditta Terzoli, Roma, no. 70. Photo: Gneme.
Paola Barbara (1912-1989) was an Italian actress who acted in over 60 films but also worked on stage and for television. She is best known for the film La peccatrice (1940) by Amleto Palermi.
Italian postcard by Stab. Angeli, Terni, Ditta Terzoli, Roma, no. 333. Photo: Gneme.
Elsa De Giorgi (1914-1997) was an Italian writer, director, art director and Italian stage and screen actress.
Italian postcard by ASER (A. Scarmiglia Ed. Roma), no. 145. Photo: Gneme / Pisorno studios, Tirrenia. In 1941, Oretta Fiume was the protagonist of Ragazza che dorme / Sleeping Girl (Giovacchino Forzano, 1941), shot at the Tirrenia studios.
Oretta Fiume (1919-1994) was an Italian actress who starred in many films between the late 1930s and the late 1940s. In the early 1940s, she often worked at the Tirrenia studios in Pisorno.
Italian postcard by B.F.F. Edit. (Ballerini & Fratini, Firenze), no. 2254. Photo: Gneme / E.N.I.C. The postcard may refer to the film Il cavaliere di Kruja / The Knight of Kruja (Carlo Campogalliani, 1941).
Leda Gloria (1912-1997) was one of Federico Fellini’s favourite film actresses, having a prolific career in the 1930s and 1940s, but she is also remembered as the wife of Peppone in the Don Camillo films.
The new city of cinema
Photographer Emilio Gneme is not a famous name, but his pictures illuminate an important chapter in the history of Italian cinema. He was the main photographer of the Pisorno film studios in the Italian coastal town of Tirrenia in Tuscany. In 1934, the studios were built at the behest of Giovacchino Forzano, a successful writer, theatre director, author of comedies, historical dramas and opera librettos, and of entrepreneurs such as Agnelli and Borletti. The modern studio complex was located in the pine forest of Mezzapiaggia, in Tirrenia, and the nickname 'Pisorno' ideally united the nearby cities of Pisa and Livorno.
Like Latina, Littoria and Pontinia, Tirrenia was a new town which had grown with the support of Italy's Fascist regime. The Tirrenia Studios were constructed between 1933-1934 and intended, along with the Fert Studios in Turin, to provide northern competition to the increasingly dominant Cines Studios in Rome. The new studio complex was a state-of-the-art facility, designed by Antonio Valente, one of the first in Italy to be adequately equipped to meet the greatest challenge of the time: the production of sound films. The Pisorno studios became known in Italy as 'the city of cinema'.
The first film shot at Pisorno was released in 1935, entitled Campo di maggio / 100 Days of Napoleon and directed by Giovacchino Forzano himself. In the following years, the sets, streets and beaches of Tirrenia were populated by actors, crew members and screen stars: from Maria Mercader to Antonio Centa, from Amedeo Nazzari to Alida Valli. In the new modern studios, 'veterans' of silent cinema alternated with young people destined to shape the future of cinema, such as Mario Monicelli, in directing and technical roles. Italian film production was booming, and the Pisorno Studios fared well, particularly after the Cines studio burned down in 1935.
However, the dream of expanding to create a real Hollywood on the Tyrrhenian Sea was shattered by financial difficulties and competition from Cinecittà, founded in Rome in 1937. Still, more than seventy films were shot in Tirrenia before the reality of war broke out on the sets. During the later stages of the Second World War, Pisa was bombed, and the studios were requisitioned for other use first by the Germans and later by the Allies. When production resumed at the end of the conflict, Forzano attempted a relaunch by calling director Joseph Losey to Tirrenia to shoot Imbarco a mezzanotte / Stranger on the Prowl (1952), but the film was not successful.
To celebrate the desire for rebirth and light-heartedness, the focus then shifted mainly to musical films, in many cases starring beloved singers such as Claudio Villa and Luciano Tajoli. Mauro Bolognini's L'assoluto naturale / He and She (1969) was the last film shot in the studios while they were still in full operation. Despite attempts to turn it into TV studios of the RAI, a tourist resort or a sports centre, nothing came of it. The structure slowly fell into ruin. Years later, the Taviani brothers remembered it and rebuilt the Hollywood of their film Good Morning Babilonia / Goor Morning Babylon (Paolo Taviani, Vittorio Taviani, 1987) there. A beautiful homage to the history of cinema and to cinema as a storyteller. All in all, some 160 films were made at the Tirrenia studios.
Italian postcard by Unione Fotoincisori Firenze. Photo: Gneme / Prod. INCINE. Caption: The actors of the Tirrenia film studio, no. 2. Umberto Melnati in the film Brivido / Thrill (Giacomo Gentilomo, 1941).
Though he also had various parts in dramas and pre-Giallos, Umberto Melnati (1897-1979) is mostly known for his screen comedies. He often acted in the 'Telefoni Bianchi' comedies of the 1930s and 1940s, with Vittorio De Sica (Due cuori felici, Il signor Max, etc.), and Alida Valli (Mille lire al mese). Before, he had long acted on stage with De Sica and Checco Rissone. After the war, Melnati played the lead in La valigia dei sogni (Luigi Comencini, 1953).
Italian postcard by Unione Fotoincisori Firenze. Photo: Gneme / Prod. INCINE. Caption: Gli attori della Tirrenia Cinematografica (The actors of the Tirrenia film studio), no. 3. Andrea Checchi in the film Brivido / Thrill (Giacomo Gentilomo, 1941).
Andrea Checchi (1916-1974) was a prolific Italian film and television actor who peaked in the early 1940s as a leading actor, while he had important supporting parts in post-war Neorealism and beyond.
Italian postcard by B.F.F. Edit. (Ballerini e Fratini, Firenze), no. 2353. Photo: Gneme / ENIC.
Between the mid-1930s and 1943, bright and gentle Antonio Centa (1907-1979) was among the most active actors of the Italian cinema. Among female audiences, he was a popular heartthrob in the White Telephone films. The critics praised his performances in Renato Castellani's Un colpo di pistola / A Pistol Shot (1942) and Zazà (1944).
Italian postcard by Stabilimento Angeli, Terni. Ed. A. Terzoli, Roma, no. 490. Photo: Gneme.
Italian actor Mario Siletti (1897-1977) devoted himself exclusively to cinema from 1932 on. He was a comical actor in great demand by the production companies of the time. Always in supporting parts, Siletti was the jealous husband of Laura Nucci in Eravamo sette vedove (Mario Mattoli, 1939), the viceroy in the Macario comedy Il pirata sono io! (Mario Mattoli, 1940), Seneca in O.K. Nerone (Mario Soldati, 1951) and the lawyer Stiletti in Don Camillo (Julien Duvivier, 1952) and Don Camillo e l'onorevole Peppone (Carmine Gallone, 1955).
Italian postcard by ASER (A. Scarmiglia Ed. Roma), no. 35. Photo: Gneme.
Italian character actor Enzo Biliotti (1887-1976) specialised in masterfully designing kings, emperors, nobles and fathers of high lineage. Among his tastiest characterisations is that of the Viceroy in Un'avventura di Salvator Rosa / An Adventure by Salvator Rosa (Alessandro Blasetti, 1939) and King Philip IV in Don Cesare di Bazan (Riccardo Freda, 1942).
Italian postcard by ASER (A. Scarmiglia Edizioni, Roma), no. 144. Photo: Gneme / Tirrenia.
Enrico Viarisio (1897-1967) was an Italian stage and screen actor and cabaretier. Famous were Viarisio's words in Prima comunione (Alessandro Blasetti, 1950). When he, the man from the trolleybus, was told: 'Aren't you ashamed to travel with that bowler hat?', he responded: 'And you, aren't you ashamed to travel with that face?'!
Italian postcard by ASER (A. Scarmiglia Ed., Roma). Photo: Gneme.
Though he also had various parts in dramas and pre-Giallos, Umberto Melnati (1897-1979) is mostly known for his screen comedies. He often acted in the 'Telefoni Bianchi' comedies of the 1930s and 1940s, with Vittorio De Sica (Due cuori felici, Il signor Max, etc.), and Alida Valli (Mille lire al mese). Before, he had long acted on stage with De Sica and Checco Rissone. After the war, Melnati played the lead in La valigia dei sogni (1953) by Luigi Comencini.
Italian postcard by ASER (A. Scarmiglia Editori, Roma), no. 181. Photo: Gneme, Rome.
Italian actor Egisto Olivieri (1880-1962) was active in theatre and cinema. On the big screen, he mostly played character roles. From 1926 to 1950, he acted in around forty films.
Italian postcard by ASER (Aldo Scarmiglia Ed., Roma), no. 315. Photo: Gneme.
Sandro Ruffini (1889–1954) had a prolific career in Italian cinema from 1913 to 1954. From the late 1930s, Ruffini mostly appeared in supporting parts like the father of leading actor Mario Ferrari in Il cavaliere di San Marco (Gennaro Righeli, 1939). He starred in Forse eri tu l'amore (Gennaro Righelli, 1939), as an engineer who is asked the bring the niece of his boss back to Italy. The 'baby' (Loretta Vinci) proves to be a strong-willed young woman. He also had a major part opposite Vivi Gioi in the comedy La canzone rubata (Max Neufeld, 1940).
Sources: Franco Baccarini (Il cinema tra Pisa e Livorno - Italian), Turismo Pisa, Wikipedia and IMDb.













































